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Behavioral drugs are no longer last resorts; they are tools to enable learning and reduce suffering.

Historically, a strange schism existed. Veterinarians were trained to treat disease; animal trainers and behaviorists were trained to modify actions. Rarely did the two paths cross. A dog presented for aggression was muzzled, restrained, and treated for pain—often without addressing the emotional trigger. A cat that refused to eat was treated for anorexia, while the fact that it was terrified of its stainless steel food bowl in a noisy shelter was ignored. zoofiliahomemcomendobezerracachorra13 top