| Parameter | Value | |-----------|-------| | | DC+ (DCEP) | | Amperage | 90–120 A | | Travel Speed | 80–120 mm/min (3–5 in/min) for vertical up | | Arc Length | Short (2–3 mm) | | Electrode Angle | 5–15° upward from perpendicular to horizontal leg | | Work Angle | 45° bisecting the 90° joint (both legs equal) |
| Defect | Cause | Prevention | |--------|-------|-------------| | Sagging/drooping | Too high amperage, slow travel | Lower heat, faster travel | | Lack of fusion (vertical plate) | Arc pointed too low | Aim 5–10° above the root into vertical member | | Slag inclusions (SMAW) | Slag drips ahead of puddle | Use slight drag angle, chip after each pass | | Porosity | Arc too long, gas coverage lost (GMAW) | Keep short arc, check shielding gas | | Undercut | Excessive speed or high current | Reduce travel speed, lower amps | 4f welding position full
: Use a significant upward angle into the top plate to fill the gap and avoid undercut. 3. Preparation & Safety | Parameter | Value | |-----------|-------| | |