y(x) = x^m (a0 + a1x + a2x^2 + ... + anx^n + ...)
# ---- 2. Build the integrating factor μ(x) -------------------- def mu(x, x0=0.0): """μ(x) = exp(∫_x0^x p(s) ds)""" integral, _ = quad(p, x0, x) return np.exp(integral) differential equation maity ghosh pdf 29
y(x) = x^m (a0 + a1x + a2x^2 + ... + anx^n + ...)
# ---- 2. Build the integrating factor μ(x) -------------------- def mu(x, x0=0.0): """μ(x) = exp(∫_x0^x p(s) ds)""" integral, _ = quad(p, x0, x) return np.exp(integral)